ظہورِ اسلام تک عرب میں کلیسیا ئی عقائد کی تشکیل و ارتقاء

The formation and development of Church doctrines in Arabia up to the Arrival of the Islam

Abstract

After the ascension of Jesus, the doctrines of the Church underwent a remarkable evolution. The direct effects of this evolution can be seen in the Christian communities that existed in Arabia at the time of the emergence of Islam. This article discusses this gradual and step-by-step evolution of church doctrines. The research has clarified that due to not being guided by divine teachings, being influenced by Greek thought, and giving legal importance to personal opinions, the differences between Monophysite, Miaphysite, DyophysitS, Nestorian, and Chalcedonian beliefs were observed among Christians until the emergence of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. In Arabia, preachers and reformers were appointed by the Roman pontiffs. Here, the intellectual influence of these scholars also played a fundamental role in creating diversity in church doctrines. In this regard, the overwhelming majority have been those who adopted the Monophysite faith. However, in addition to the beliefs established at the Chalcedonian Council, Nestorianism was also accepted. The beliefs of some important Christian figures have not been determined by historians, but it is widely believed that there was a large number of followers of Monophysit Tritheism in Arabia who did not agree with the established beliefs of the Chalcedonian Council. During the Prophetic era, the interaction between Muslims and Monophysite Christians was prominent. Therefore, the verses of the Holy Quran directly criticize and condemn the beliefs of the Monophysites. Since the ideas of the Monophysites were flourishing as an extension of the Roman Church, the possibilities of understanding the beliefs of other Christian sects in the context of Quranic criticism of their beliefs increase.

Key Words: Church History, Najran, Nastorianism, Monophysitism, Chalcedonianism, Trinity, Tritheism, Islam, Quran